The Difference Between Lead Screws, Ball Screws & Guides

The Difference Between Lead Screws, Ball Screws & Guides

In linear motion systems, lead screws and ball screws convert rotational motion into linear movement using helical threads to force motion. Lead screws rely on sliding contact between the screw’s helical thread and a nut, driving the nut linearly as the thread’s inclined plane transfers force. Ball screws use recirculating ball bearings that roll along a helical thread’s groove, minimizing friction to propel the nut with high efficiency. The thread’s pitch determines the linear distance traveled per rotation for both systems.

Lead screws offer self-locking capabilities, while ball screws require brakes to prevent back-driving. The choice between lead screws and ball screws hinges on efficiency, cost, precision, and speed, with the screw drives themselves typically paired with a linear guide for optimal performance.


Lead Screws and Ball Screws

Lead Screws and Ball Screws both convert rotational motion into linear movement. The main difference between lead screws and ball screws is that ball screws rely on ball bearings to minimize friction and convert motion, while lead screws rely on low coefficients of friction between materials. When deciding between lead screws and ball screws, the choice largely depends on the specific requirements of the project. Use the chart and detailed information below to help decide on which product line is best suited for your application.

FeatureLead ScrewBall Screw
Low CostX
High Speeds
X
High Loads
X
Quiet MotionX
Self-Lubricating (Reduced Maintenance)X
High Accuracy
X
Anti-Backlash Nut OptionsX
High Efficiency (Require less torque)
X
Miniature Ball Screws product group page

Ball Screws

When it comes to precision and efficiency, ball screws reign supreme. Our Miniature Metric Ball Screw Assemblies exemplify this with their American-made craftsmanship and meticulous design. Their high efficiency results in less friction and heat generation, thus enhancing their lifespan. 

The increased efficiency also requires less torque, which allows for the use of smaller motors and drive systems. Whether you opt for the cylindrical nut for a more compact assembly or the flange nut for easier installation, our ball screw assemblies promise unparalleled static axial load capacities and impeccable positional accuracy. 

With polymer wipers to prevent debris ingress and options for preload to enhance rigidity, PBC Linear ball screws are the epitome of precision engineering.

Lead Screws

Lead Screws

We offer a diverse range of lead screw nuts, including Triangle, Round, Threaded, and Rectangle variants. We also offer our proprietary Constant Force Anti-Backlash Lead Screw Nuts to ensure reduced backlash over time. Each screw undergoes rigorous CNC roll threading and enhanced precision testing, ensuring standard accuracies that surpass industry norms. 

Thanks to our Simplicity technology, our lead screws are self-lubricating, reducing maintenance needs. Additionally, lead screws do not require a holding brake in vertical applications making them versatile for different uses. With optional PTFE coating and superior machining, our lead screws boast extended lifespans and reduced friction.

Lead screws and ball screws commonly function as drive mechanisms for linear guides, delivering precise linear motion to carriages along high-precision rails. Below are three categories of these guides offered by PBC Linear®:


Gliding Surface Technology Linear Rail Family

Linear Rail Family

Explore the versatile world of linear motion with the GST family, where precision engineering meets industry-specific needs

  1. Uni-Guide Linear Slide: At the heart of our lineup is the Uni-Guide Linear Slide System, a pinnacle of reliability and innovation offered in tall and low profiles. Utilizing Simplicity technology in a two-piece aluminum design, it eliminates tolerance stack-up, dampens vibrations, and handles shock loads effortlessly. With a static load capacity of up to 1,000 lb and a lightweight, pre-engineered assembly, it's the go-to choice for applications demanding precision and durability.
  2. Mini-Rail Linear Slide: For miniature applications requiring top-notch performance, the Mini-Rail Miniature Linear Slide shines. Its two-piece design, fast installation, and static load capacity of up to 3,559 N make it a trusted choice for semiconductor wafer handling and other demanding tasks.
  3. Low Profile Mini-Rail Linear Slide: Looking for compact, low-friction motion? Enter the Low Profile Mini-Rail Linear Slide. Ideal for space-constrained environments in industries like medical and packaging, its molded polymer slider with stainless steel thread inserts and anodized aluminum rails ensure smooth operation and chemical resistance.

Cam Roller Technology Linear Rail Family

CAM roller image

  1. Commercial Rail Linear Slide: Featuring precision-formed zinc-plated carbon steel linear rails and machined aluminum slider bodies, the Commercial Rail Linear Slide is designed for applications such as automation, packaging, and material handling. With transfer speeds up to 1.5 m/s and load capability up to 1,330 N, it offers flexibility and durability.
  2. Hevi-Rail Roller Bearings: The Hevi-Rail series provides solutions for extreme high load capacities and industrial strength handling applications. With options like fixed or adjustable bearings and linear guide rail lengths up to 6 m, Hevi-Rail is suitable for custom lift units, lift trucks, and heavy load applications in industries such as material handling, depalletizers, aerospace and steel.
  3. Hardened Crown Roller Bearings: PAC Hardened Crown Rollers come pre-assembled and self-aligning, making them a low-cost linear motion solution for point-to-point applications. With maximum wheel bearing load up to 1,334 N and transfer speeds up to 762 mm/s, they are suitable for machine tool doors, guarding, and material transfer.
  4. Redi-Rail Linear Slide: Available in metric and inch versions, Redi-Rail Linear Slides feature precision machined aluminum linear slide rails with hardened steel races, offering high accuracy and parallelism. With options for corrosion resistance and compact designs, they are suitable for applications such as automated vending and medical or laboratory equipment.
  5. V-Guide: The V-Guide offers flexibility with V-Guide wheels and bushings available in various sizes and materials such as stainless steel. With radial loads up to 9.9 N per wheel and options for shielded or sealed bearings, V-Guide wheels and bushings provide precise and reliable linear motion for diverse mounting configurations.

Integral-V Technology Linear Rail Family
Integral V family

The IVT family encompasses a diverse array of linear slides meticulously crafted to meet the exacting demands of industrial applications. Crafted from precision-machined aluminum anodized linear slide rails featuring embedded hardened stainless-steel races, IVT linear slides offer a unique blend of lightweight construction and robust performance. 

With options like wider base rails for enhanced stability and alternative cost-effective solutions tailored to various needs, the IVT family ensures versatility across industries. With load capacities of up to 8,900 N (2,000 lbf) and high-speed capacities reaching 10 m/s (394 in/s), these linear guide rails excel in dynamic environments. 

Furthermore, their maintenance-free operation and compatibility with a wide range of accessories—including wheel covers, scrapers, and wipers—make them ideal for applications spanning automation, packaging, semiconductor handling, and more. Whether you require long-length applications, rapid speed capabilities, or resilience to harsh conditions, the IVT family offers tailored solutions to elevate your linear motion systems to new heights of performance and reliability.